Table of Contents
前言
之前有說過工作四天的好處真的很多，不管是效率，生活都能得到提升，但是很多只是片面之詞，或者說我們沒深度的去研究利與弊。那為什麼會有這個形態呢？因為要讓員工偷懶嗎？在員工壓力和倦怠程度驚人的情況下，一些組織正在考慮幾年前許多人可能無法想像的事情：將每週的工作時間減少到四天。但是，只有這個辦法才能提升工作的生產率和當作是員工的福利嗎？
工作四天到底有用嗎？
假如我們用數據說話的話，一些研究支持減少每週的工作時間。 2015年至2019年期間在冰島進行的一項實驗發現，在保持工資不變的情況下這樣做可以提高生產力，研究人員還報告說，每週工作四天的員工的倦怠感更低，幸福感更高。
在日本，雇主被敦促允許他們的僱員工作四天，每天工作10小時，就等於把每天多加兩小時在另外四天工作實現4天工作日。蘇格蘭最近宣布了一項政策，在不減少工資的情況下將工作時間減少20%。每週四天工作制試驗也正在西班牙進行測試。
一家新西蘭公司將每週工作時間從37.5小時減少到30小時，並允許員工決定他們的工作天數。另一家公司讓員工每個月的另一個星期五休息；據首席執行官說，一些工人喜歡利用這一天進行個人 “深度工作”，不受會議或電話的干擾。
更重要的是，世界各地的領導人都在考慮根據他們從COVID-19期間歷史上最大的 “強迫工作實驗 “中所學到的東西，用遠程或混合工作安排來實現更持久的靈活性。那麼這個提議到底是好不好呢？還有想要全面實現有什麼挑戰都會在這篇文章告訴你！
4天工作制挑戰
根據的Gallup（蓋洛普）研究來討論4天工作制的挑戰是什麼和實現起來為什麼那麼難，也許從一開始的4天工作日的目的來說，可能就不是員工所希望的，或者說是“換湯不換藥”，這樣的話其實就不需要更改去適應新的工作環境了。所以就來看看4天工作制面臨的挑戰是什麼。
時間、工作和福利之間的複雜關係
2020年3月，在美國COVID-19發病期間，蓋洛普詢問了10364名全職員工他們通常工作的天數。只有5%的人說他們每週工作四天，而84%的人說五天，11%的人說六天。蓋洛普還收集了員工參與度和福利數據。那些每週工作六天的人表示倦怠的比率最高，38%報告說 “經常 “或 “總是 “感到倦怠。在那些每週工作五天的人中，26%報告說經常或總是感到倦怠，而每週工作四天的人中只有23%。此外，那些每週工作四天的人被發現具有最高的幸福感（63%），而那些工作五天（57%）或六天（56%）的人。
有趣的是，雖然在三種工作週條件下，參與工作的員工比例相似，但在工作週為四天和六天的員工中，主動脫離工作的比例最高。五天工作週的員工參與度與主動脫離的比例最高，比例為3.2比1。四天工作週的員工的比率為2.2比1，六天工作週的員工的比率為2.1比1。
如上所述，蓋洛普公司在那些每週工作四天和五天的人之間發現了福利差異。四天工作週的全職員工中，被認為是幸福的比例要高6個百分點。四天工作制的員工的倦怠感要低3個百分點，但主動脫離的程度要高5個百分點。雖然在三種工作週條件下，參與工作的員工比例相似，但在四天和六天工作週的員工中，積極脫離工作的比例最高。
這表明這個問題是多麼的微妙。員工的參與度當然不會因為四天工作周而得到改善，但幸福感會得到改善，很可能更短的工作週為培養社會、身體和社區幸福感提供了更多的機會。
即便如此，從每週工作五天轉為每週工作四天，可能會增加一個組織中主動脫離的員工的比例。換句話說，通過每週較少的工作天數，那些已經感到與雇主、團隊或經理脫節的員工更有可能離得更遠，從容忍他們的工作到憎恨他們。
問題不在於工作日的數量，而是工作場所的問題
這個觀點就如同一開始說的這個是員工要的福利嗎？（當成多一天的假期，那麼下星期一你會不會感覺更壓力？）這就導致了其實員工根本不買單這個福利，只是“變相”到的加重他們的負擔，也許那四天的工作量更大更累。關於改變工作週的爭論並不新鮮。 1926年，福特汽車公司將每週工作時間從普遍的六天標準化為五天。福特公司的領導人認為，在相同的報酬下，較少的工作天數將通過工作時的更大努力來提高生產力。但在關於工作週的長期爭論之下，隱藏著一個關於工作本身性質的更深層次的問題。考慮一下這些發現。
蓋洛普研究一直發現，工人希望有更多的靈活性，工作靈活性與更高的員工參與度相關。工作的靈活性使員工在滿足工作要求的同時，還能在其他方面提高他們的整體健康水平。它還通過允許人們創建一個對他們的生活有意義的時間表而降低了壓力。三分之二或更多參與工作的員工，無論每週工作多少天，他們的整體生活都很充實。
對世界七個地區的工作人群的分析發現，對於工作滿意度低、沒有機會做自己最擅長的事情的人來說，增加工作時間會導致生活評價和積極的日常體驗下降。但在工作滿意度較高、有機會做自己最擅長的事情的員工中，結果卻截然不同。當每天的工作時間從5小時增加到10小時時，積極的日常體驗和生活評價並沒有大幅惡化。當涉及到整體福利時，工作經驗的質量的影響是工作天數或小時數的2.5到3倍。 因此，所有這些都使實施每週四天工作制是否是促進員工福祉的正確方式這一問題變得複雜。
如果目標是建立一個有吸引力的工作場所文化，減少工作周可能不是開始的地方，既然要改變，那麼我你們要從根本的地方開始改變。雖然對某些個人或組織來說，每週四天工作制可能是個好主意，但那些試圖控制工作與生活 “平衡 “的政策是基於兩個可疑的假設。
工作不可避免地是一件壞事，應該減少或避免。
結語
有意義的工作是美好生活的一個重要組成部分。工作可以帶來豐厚的回報，對許多人來說就是如此。根據蓋洛普的全球民意調查，人類最嚮往的願望之一是擁有一份好工作。有多少退休人員發現，最終他們渴望工作提供的目標、刺激和社會聯繫？真正的問題是，大多數員工的管理不善。在全球範圍內，每10名員工中就有8名沒有參與工作，或者積極地脫離工作。 (在美國，每10人中就有7人。）這些人要么在看時間，要么在積極地與他們的雇主作對。而逃避工作的願望是不快樂的工作場所的症狀。
此外，鑑於彈性工作時間是員工最希望得到的福利，而且隨著混合工作模式的增加，使用彈性工作模式比立法規定工作時間或天數更有意義，重點是提高管理人員的技能，以帶來角色的清晰度、持續的輔導和問責制。如果雇主專注於提高工作經驗的質量，那麼與縮短工作週相比，他們可以對員工的生活產生近三倍的積極影響。
四天工作制可能對你的工作性質有用，但這不是最好的開始。
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