Table of Contents
前言
身為打工一族甚至是老闆，除了希望薪水/業績能增加外，還有什麼是我們最期待的呢？happy Friday？長週末？假期？但是這些“福利”是每次感覺很遙遠，看著日曆就覺得：“怎麼下個假期還有2個月啊？” 或者是 拜五來了一下就到了禮拜，然後就要經歷五天的工作日，還沒算上加班，真的是不夠用！那可能你忽略了一個每天都可以得到的福利，那就是 – 下班後的時間 ，也是很多人都很希望得到的 work life balance，往往卻會被很多人都忽略了，通常可能因為工作性質等等的原因不能實現work life balance 或者是根本沒管理好時間導致了自己覺得沒有work life balance，久了就對工作產生厭倦外，對自己的私人時間只想到休息，娛樂，卻忘了增進自己。那其實從前我也會那樣想，感覺自己的時間除了工作就是睡覺，完全沒有所謂的work life balance，不過看完了今天的文章後，就會讓你覺得一直在追求的work 和life 可能根本就是不balance的！
定義 work life balance
先來看看work life balance這個詞語，我覺得這是個混亂和爭議的短語，是不是覺得解釋了work 和 life 就是對立的那樣，但是想想看你覺得work 和 life是個對稱的天平嗎？假如你覺得work 和 life必須對立，那你在這裡就理解錯了這個詞語的意義了。想像一下，如果你把你的工作放在天平的一邊（work），再把關於你的一切 – 朋友，家人，愛好，娛樂放在另外一邊（life），你覺得這是個平衡的天平嗎？
在2014年一項關於工作場所工作與生活平衡政策的研究中，研究人員Diana Benito-Osorio、Laura Muñoz-Aguado和Cristina Villar回顧了各種研究中定義工作與生活平衡的所有方式。他們在20多年的研究中發現了37種不同的定義。
其中一些定義如下：
- 一些定義側重於在每項活動中花費的時間（意思是指我有能力管理個人和職業生活）；
- 有些是指個人的目標和優先事項（意思是指我可以有效管理有償工作和所有其他對人很重要的活動之間的娛樂交流，如家庭，社區活動，志願工作，個人發展，休閒和娛樂）；
- 有些則更多地是指個人在工作或家庭時的精神狀態（意思是指一個人在工作角色和家庭生活中的平等參與程度）
簡單總結來說就是work life balance有些人會意味著在工作和非工作活動中分配同等數量的時間，例如我工作了8小時，那麼我的私人時間也必須還我8小時（聽起來很公平對吧），那麼對另一些人來說，work life balance意味著與有關工作的想法保持距離，這樣他們就能充分參與工作以外的活動。
看完了定義後，想想看你覺得work life balance 對你的意義是什麼？
實現不了 work life balance 因為
你把平衡當成了一種偏見
拿回剛剛說的就是work life balance裡面的元素就是work 和 life，所以就是說天平把我們的生活分成兩個部分， work 和 life， 那麼是不是暗示這兩類应该被赋予或多或少的同等重要性？那我在這裡也不是說馬上果斷放棄work life balance這個想法，因為我也正在追求適合我的work life balance，當我做不到的時候就想下這個詞的定義，讓我感覺我的work life balance其實根本不平衡！在工作场所，如果员工的工作时间很緊迫，導致不可能有工作以外的生活，这确实是一个问题，假如你的經理不在意這個問題，往往問題在他管理的團隊出了問題，因為他們可能認為work life balance的用意在於讓他的員工能夠獲得更好的生活，而代價是努力的幹，拼業績，而不是尋求平衡，好像說讓我們準時下班，有充足的時間去運動，或者接小孩下班，這些也許是員工的work life balance的意思，當然這裡說的不是全部的工作領導者是那樣，我希望你不在那樣的團隊。
在職場上，work life balance在各個階級就凸顯出了不一樣的看法，因為工作性質上市不同的，所以導致了偏見。
你要明白工作和生活不是對立的
有沒有想過work life balance這個詞語怎會突然就出現在你的想法？老闆不會告訴你，學校也沒教你，到底從哪裡冒出來呢，而且好像每個人都會有這個想法，不管你做著什麼工作。我就回想，我覺得其中一個可能性就是電視劇裡的劇情美化了work life balance這個東西，好像說男主角是CEO，6點就開著車子回家健身，去超市買東西，回家自己做晚餐，還有時間出去和朋友聚會？我也就開始嚮往了，就覺得這些是我“理所當然”，然後自願的跌入這個深坑。（做了工才知道原來下班後是打包盒飯坐巴士回家）
我们很容易觉得工作是我們应该努力寻找生活意义的地方，就有了我們应该不断地通过更努力地工作来达到下一个目标的想法，當你達到了你定下的目標，抬頭一看，原來還有更多的目標等你達到，就開始了努力工作達到人生巔峰的錯覺。如果我們的需求得到了满足，那其實也是可以留在原地，没有任何法律規則说我們必须进步，或业务必须不断增长。我們其實可以那麼想，让自己达到一个合理的位置，然后停下来，適當的享受生活，這樣其實不犯法。
假如你想挑戰自己，那當然沒問題，這裡是說在能力的許可下。很多人覺得無法從工作得到滿足。主要原因可能是做著自己不愛做的工作，想說反正我就為了錢，做什麼都一樣想法。假如你找到你真的喜歡的工作是有機會實現工作上達到滿足然後停下，因為你知道現在的你就是你之前幻想達到這個成就的你，這樣也只有在你喜歡的工作環境下得到這方面的滿足。我其實做著的工作是還算是我很愛的工作，所以遇到困難我也想著要如何解決，不會覺得負擔，反而覺得是個挑戰，例如我完成一個我一開始覺得做不到的事情，但是後來我做到了，還是我的提議得到採納而且幫助了很多人，這些都讓我覺得滿足，就會開始思考，我還需要繼續達成我要創業做老闆的目標嗎？可能不需要，我可能管理一個團隊來輔助這家公司，讓我有更多的時間去體驗其他的新事物，可能會讓我覺得更滿足。
還有很多很有趣的事物值得我們去追逐，一些可能你覺得平常能輕易得到的事情，對於其他人確實很難的得到的，所以我們必須學會知足，讓自己快樂，別太在意工作和生活是對立的，還有很多元素應該加入在我們的work life balance裡面。
性格如何影响你实现工作和生活平衡的能力
在社會學家Christena Nippert-Eng的書《家庭與工作》提到兩種人：
- 分割者（Segmentors）是能夠在工作和生活之間劃出明確界限的人。將工作和生活分割到他們頭腦中的不同部分，就像呼吸一樣自然。
- 整合者（Integrators）是那些努力將工作和生活分開的人。他們在工作中考慮生活，在家裡考慮工作，並且更有可能在非工作時間工作和考慮工作。
把這兩種人放進work life balance就能解釋出：
分割者 可能能夠每週工作超過40小時，但仍然覺得他們有足夠的工作和生活平衡，因為他們回家後可以關閉對工作的思考。
整合者 即使每週工作40小時，也可能會陷入困境，因為他們在家裡繼續思考工作，使他們對家庭、優先事項和工作以外的活動的參與度降低。或者他們可能更傾向於在工作時間之外工作，限制了他們用於個人活動和優先事項的時間。
可能要搞清楚這點，你的工作或老闆可能與你無法實現work life balance 關係不大。這可能僅僅是你傾向於模糊界限，無法分割你生活的不同部分，所以你在整個職業生涯中為實現work life balance而掙扎，別再怪工作讓你實現不了work life balance了， 看看自己是整合者還是分割者呢？
大多數的人都是整合者
谷歌的人員分析團隊試圖了解Nippert-Eng的發現如何適用於谷歌員工。他們進行了一項研究，發現只有31%的員工可以被歸類為分割者， 其他69%的员工–超过三分之二的员工就是整合者。我們從字面上的分析來看，分割者會比整合者來得更知足，更快樂；整合者更有可能表達他們希望在工作和生活中找到一個更好的平衡。
如果你覺得你在努力平衡工作和生活，你可能是一個整合者，也是可能這個性格讓你的work life UNbalance。
在家辦公能更容易達到 work life balance？
這個還真的不好說，暫時無法給個肯定的結論，從參與到研究人員Tracey Crosbie和Jeanne Moore的調查在家工作是否是實現工作和生活平衡的解決方案的一些參與者表示：
- 在家工作讓他們覺得有更多的時間和孩子在一起 – 即使他們的工作時間更長。大多數人說，在家工作使他們對如何花費時間有了更大的靈活性和控制力。
- 其他人則對在家時不得不看自己的工作設備和用品表示沮喪，或者說在家裡接到工作電話和直接郵件導致家庭關係緊張。
那些正在考虑在家辦公的人应该仔细考虑自己的个性、技能和愿望。例如，那些倾向于长时间在外工作的人可能会发现，家庭生活被工作生活进一步边缘化。
結語
假如你的工作是需要待命醫生，必須要待命，或是老闆要求你時時刻刻在線的，那麼這些是導致你不能實現work life balance的絕對因素，假如不是那樣的話，你可能已經模糊了工作和生活之間的差別，尤其在家辦公特別明顯會發生，這個問題不是說換工工作就能解決的事情，從性格上的改變，這是必須做個清楚的分割者，在工作生活和家庭生活之間劃出清晰的界限，這樣你的身體和大腦才能放鬆，恢復，並在這兩種活動之間建立更多的心理距離。工作可能对你有个人意义，也可能没有。它不一定是你最有趣的事情，也可能工作可以只是你有时做的一件事，然後在一次的聊天中提起這個事情，所以真的不必把工作分量看得那麼重，但是要有責任心。
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